If the Joker colors are similar, the Joker without a guarantee will outrank the guaranteed one. In games where the Jokers may need to be compared, the red, full-color, or larger-graphic Joker usually outranks the black, monochrome, or smaller-graphic one. At times, the Jokers will each be colored to match the colors used for suits e.g., there will be a red Joker and a black Joker. For instance, the United States Playing Card Company (USPCC) prints their company's guarantee claim on only one. There are usually two Jokers per deck, often noticeably different. Out of convention, Jokers tend to be illustrated as jesters. The publishers of playing cards trademark their Jokers, which have unique artwork that often reflect contemporary culture. Each company produces their own depictions of the card. Jokers do not have any standardized appearance across the card manufacturing industry. In Schleswig-Holstein, Zwicker packs come with six Jokers. In Poland, the third Joker is known as the blue Joker because the KZWP monopoly during the Polish People's Republic printed all third Jokers blue. Since the 1950s, German and Austrian packs have included three Jokers to play German Rummy. Packs with two Jokers started to become the norm during the late 1940s for the game of Canasta. This happened around 1875, where it functioned as a wild card. The notion of a Joker was later transferred to the game of Poker where it was initially called the Mistigris. Italians call Jokers "Jolly", for many early cards were labelled "Jolly Joker". The first Joker for the domestic British market was sold in 1874. One British manufacturer, Charles Goodall, was manufacturing packs with Jokers for the American market in 1871. It is also believed that the term "Joker" comes from Juckerspiel, which is also known as Jucker, the original German spelling of Euchre. The idea behind the three top cards in Euchre appears to have originated from Germany where the games Juckerspiel and Bester Bube ("Best Bower") also used Jacks as best, right and left bowers. Cards labelled "Joker" began appearing around the late 1860s, with some depicting clowns and jesters such as Elizabethan jester Richard Tarlton. Best Bower-type Jokers continued to be produced well into the 20th century. Samuel Hart is credited with printing the first illustrated "Best Bower" card in 1863 with his "Imperial Bower". While the term "best bower" appears in a satirical 1861 piece about the American Civil War, this may only refer to the Right Bower and not a special card produced for that purpose. This gave rise to a variant game called "Euchre with the Joker" in which the blank card ranked above all the rest. According to card game historian, David Parlett, the Joker was added to a 32‑card pack in the 1850s specifically for the game of Euchre and is first mentioned in a set of rules in 1868 where the blank specimen card is adapted for use in play. In the earliest rules of 1844, 32 standard cards are used and the Right Bower, the trump Jack, was the "commanding card" with the Left Bower, the Jack of the same colour, as the second-highest card. However, Euchre originally did not use jokers. The game of Euchre is credited with the introduction of the Joker into card games. Origin Imperial Bower, the earliest Joker, by Samuel Hart, c. Zwicker which has six Jokers with this function).īy contrast, a wild card is any card that may be used to represent another card or cards – it does not need be a Joker. It has since been adopted into many other card games, where it often acts as a wild card, but may have other functions such as the top trump, a skip card (forcing another player to miss a turn), the lowest-ranking card, the highest-value card, or a card of a different value from the rest of the pack (see e.g. The Joker originated in the United States during the Civil War, and was created as a trump card for the game of Euchre. Since the second half of the 20th century, they have also been found in Spanish- and Italian-suited decks, excluding stripped decks. The Joker is a playing card found in most modern French-suited card decks, as an addition to the standard four suits (Clubs, Diamonds, Hearts, and Spades).
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